Vol. 2, Issue 2, Part A (2025)

Background: Nidra (sleep) is regarded as one of the Trayopastambha (three essential pillars of life) in Ayurveda, contributing significantly to physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Swapna (dreams), an integral phenomenon occurring during Nidra, is interpreted in Ayurvedic texts as reflective of the Manas (mind), Dosha predominance, and psychological states. In contemporary sleep science, sleep and dreams are analyzed through neurophysiological, hormonal, and cognitive frameworks. A holistic comparative understanding of these concepts may offer insights into managing sleep disorders and promoting optimal health.

Aim: To critically explore and compare the Ayurvedic and modern scientific perspectives on Nidra and Swapna, and to evaluate their physiological, psychological, and therapeutic significance.

Objectives: To compile classical Ayurvedic references related to Nidra and Swapna. To study the types, functions, and stages of sleep and dreams in modern sleep science. To analyze the factors affecting sleep and dream patterns from both traditions. To explore Ayurvedic and modern management strategies for sleep disturbances.

Materials and Methods: A qualitative review approach was adopted. Literature was collected from Brihattrayi, Laghutrayi, and contemporary Ayurvedic commentaries for classical insights. For modern perspectives, standard neurophysiology textbooks and indexed journals (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed. Comparative analysis was done thematically and descriptively.

Results: Ayurveda emphasizes Nidra as essential for Dhatu Pushti, Bala, and Medha. It classifies sleep into types based on causes such as Tamobhava Nidra and Manah Shramaja Nidra. Dreams are interpreted through Dosha imbalance and Manovaha Srotas disturbances. Modern science identifies Non-REM and REM stages, regulated by circadian rhythms and neurotransmitters. Psychological and pathological interpretations of dreams relate to subconscious processing. Both traditions acknowledge the diagnostic and prognostic value of dreams and sleep quality.

Conclusion: The Ayurvedic and modern perspectives on Nidra and Swapna complement each other in understanding the depth of sleep physiology and its impact on health. Integration of Ayurvedic principles with contemporary approaches may enhance preventive and therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders.